Porto, Rafael Gastal; Bezerra, Antônio Jorge Amaral; … - In: Brazilian Journal of Rural Economy and Sociology (RESR) 48 (2010) 2
, intermediary, production integration, rural income and no-rural income). Direct interviews were conducted with family livestock … rural income, 70% of the cases earned less than two minimum wages. The results also showed the importance of off-farm income … compared to total income, particularly from retirements and pensions, which are an essential instrument of social reproduction …