The difficulty in finding the substitution effects on exports of foreign direct investment has posed challenges to empirical analysts. In analysing newly-constructed product-level data that enable endogeneity and aggregation bias to be addressed simultaneously, this study finds that auto part...

The growing importance of global production sharing makes the nexus between outward foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade in intermediate goods ever more important. This study employs newly-constructed product-level data covering 32 products and 49 host countries over the period 1993–2008...