This paper surveys researches on the new institutional arrangements for product innovation emerging in Silicon Valley. Special reference is made to the characteristics that go beyond the traditional property rights framework. First, the complicated patterns in allocation of control rights...

TAMA Industrial Activation Association Inc. (hereinafter the "TAMA Association"), was established by private companies, mainly product developing small and medium-sized enterprises, universities and other education and research organizations,industry associations,and local governments, in the...

Corporate governance can be defined to be an institution that constrains relations between corporate managers and various stakeholders, including shareholders, creditors, workers, suppliers, and customers. Under this broad definition, corporate governance is a system of various sub-systems that...

This paper models two-sided market platforms, which connect third-party suppliers (developers) of many different products and services to users who demand a variety of these products. From a positive perspective, our model provides a simple explanation for the stark differences in platform...

In this paper, we study the structural change occurring in Japan's post-World War II era of rapid economic growth. We use a two-sector neoclassical growth model with government policies to analyze the evolution of the Japanese economy in this period and to assess the role of such policies. Our...

In order to protect the public's confidence in deposit money, governments usually guarantee bank deposits implicitly or through an explicit deposit insurance system. Thus bank insolvency does not induce immediate bank runs. In many episodes of banking crises, several years passed quietly after...

In this paper we examined effects of bank consolidations on the financial system, using the data on the Japanese banking industry before the Second World War, when the first bank merger wave occurred. The focuses of our analysis are the governance structure and performance of banks. With respect...

This paper examines the effect of U.S. safeguard on motorcycle imports in the period from 1983 to 1987. After receiving the temporary protection with the maximum tariff of more than 45%, Harley Davidson drastically recovered its sales. The paper conducts structural analyses of the motorcycle...

From 1998-2001, the Japanese government, in an effort to stimulate the flow of funds to the small business sector, implemented a massive credit guarantee program that was unprecedented in both scale and scope. Because the program was accessible by nearly every small firm we are able to clearly...