Arab political regimes are both unusually undemocratic and unusually stable. A series of statistical models are nested … the Arab population share, with the last determinant subject to multiple interpretations. Hypotheses that did not receive … robust support include the presence of oil rents, conflict with Israel or other neighbors, and the influence of Islam. …

Long-lived undemocratic political regimes are ubiquitous in the Arab world. The likelihood of a transition declines as … the likelihood of transition. Adherence to Islam among the population is uncorrelated with the likelihood of a … liberalizing episode, but the Arab population share is negatively correlated with the likelihood of a liberalizing transition. For …

intersectionality of contemporary LGB identity (e.g. sexual, religious, cultural, ethnic), and the role of religion/spirituality in LGB …

social factors underlying the individual choice of racial identity. …