Competition between ports depends on inland freight distribution and the spatial structure of the hinterland. With this …, ports and port regions increasingly compete to serve distant hinterlands. In a European context, many researchers refer to … Hamburg-Le Havre ports using automated zoning techniques. These techniques aggregate geographical areas in homogeneous …

evidence of local price competition and report mixed results for global competition. Revenues per tonne are higher in ports … operating more international regular lines and with multinational terminal operators, while they are lower in ports with nearby …