enforcement could be optimised in the EU by enhancing co-operation between competition agencies and other bodies such as data …

enforcement could be optimised in the EU by enhancing co-operation between competition agencies and other bodies such as data …

Since the introduction of a formal commitments procedure in EU an- titrust policy (Article 9 of Council Regulation 1 … uncertainty related to the law (L-uncertainty) and to the facts (F-uncertainty). We show that commitments are subop- timal when L …-uncertainty is important. Furthermore, the generalized use of commitments creates an additional risk of under-enforcement when F …

, although the decision makers are less experienced, their decisions are based on Chinese competition law and market realities …

One of the most intractable competition issues for the European Commission (the “Commission”) over the last ten years … variety of jurisdictions. Some of these manufacturers have also filed competition complaints on both sides of the Atlantic, as … to address the competition law issues that may be raised by the licensing conduct and/or enforcement strategy of SEP …

Competition litigation is often complex, lengthy, and expensive. The developments in European countries show that there … is an increasing demand for litigation funding, especially with the rise of collective damages actions in competition law … litigation funding, especially in the context of competition litigation, and consider the available evidence as to their …

Competition is usually re ... …