Under evaluative voting, the voter freely grades each candidate on a numerical scale, with the winning candidate being … determined by the sum of the grades they receive. This paper compares evaluative voting with the two-round system, reporting on … evaluative voting rules, and the specific pattern of strategic voting under the official, two-round voting rule. …

Under evaluative voting, the voter freely grades each candidate on a numerical scale, with the winning candidate being … determined by the sum of the grades they receive. This paper compares evaluative voting with the two-round system, reporting on … evaluative voting rules, and the specific pattern of strategic voting under the official, two-round voting rule. …

Utilitarian voting (UV) is defined in this paper as any voting rule that allows the voter to rank all of the … alternatives by means of the scores permitted under a given voting scale. Specific UV rules that have been proposed are approval … voting, allowing the scores 0, 1; range voting, allowing all numbers in an interval as scores; evaluative voting, allowing …

In his seminal Social Choice and Individual Values, Kenneth Arrow stated that his theory applies to voting. Many voting … theorists have been convinced that, on account of Arrow's theorem, all voting methods must be seriously flawed. Arrow's theory … all voting methods are cardinal and therefore outside the reach of Arrow's result. Parallel to Arrow's ordinal approach …

enforcement by voting on two levels of enforcement of a harvest quota, with and without communication. The two enforcement … enforcement strategy did not lead to more efficient harvests, nor did allowing subjects to communicate before voting. …