Differences in home Internet access have direct and indirect effects on K-12 student educational achievements. Much of the attention during the past years has been on the homework gap, disadvantages to students of lacking or poor Internet connectivity at home for the completion of homework...

A body of research has suggested that adolescents experience harm to their psychological well-being, including self-esteem, because of excessive time spent using digital media, such as social media. The mechanism through which screen time influences self-esteem is often explained as the result...

Some have pointed to divides in the availability of fixed home broadband Internet access as a contributor to rural students’ lower levels of educational attainment. Based on standardized exams (SAT Suite) and a survey of rural Michigan students in grades 8–11, we find that rural students...