Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) were developed to act as tracking mechanisms that ensure compliance with the U.S. biofuel use mandates legislated in 2005 and increased and adjusted to include sub-mandates in 2007. Reviewing the rules for RIN production and use, we conclude that RIN...

We investigate the impacts of multilateral removal of all border taxes and farm programs and their distortions on developing economies, using a world agriculture partial equilibrium model. We quantify changes in prices, trade flows, and production locations. Border measures and farm programs...

US energy policy mandates minimum levels of biofuel use. The four interdependent mandates of the 2007 legislation - EISA - are defined by their feedstocks and greenhouse gas reduction targets, and are each set to rise over the coming years. If the volumes of use would be below the mandated...

The recent increase in ethanol use in the US strengthens and changes the nature of links between agricultural and energy markets. Here, we explore the interaction of market volatility and the scope for policy to affect this interaction, with a focus on how corn yields and petroleum prices affect...