It is widely recognised that while expenditures on research and development are important inputs to successful innovation, these are not the only inputs. Further, rather than viewing innovation as a linear process, recent work on innovation in business and economics literatures characterises it...

We use the results of a 1993 survey of EuropeÕs largest firms to explore the effect of proximity on knowledge flows from suppliers, customers, joint ventures, competitors and public research organisations to innovative firms. The focus is on the latter, since they are an essential component of...

This article explores the link between the organization of work and innovation by developing national aggregate indicators for the EU member states of organizational forms and innovation modes (how firms innovate). The organizational indicators are constructed from the Third European Survey of...

Several data sources are used to estimate the potential impact of innovation in agro-biotechnology on employment in the European agro-food chain. In the late 1990s, approximately 50,000 jobs were directly due to biotechnology. The indirect employment effects are likely to be much larger. Four of...

"This insightful book examines all aspects of the design process and implementation of questionnaire surveys on the activities of business, public sector, and non-profit organizations. Anthony Arundel discusses how different aspects of the survey method and planned statistical analysis can...

R&D intensity indicators are increasingly used not only for international comparisons, but also as targets for policies stimulating research. The two are of course intimately linked: it makes little sense to set a quantitative policy target when not knowing whether it is high or low compared to...

This paper examines whether there are differences in private R&D investment performance between the EU and the US and, if so, why. The study is based on data from the 2008 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard. The investigation assesses the effects of several very distinct factors that can...