The process of European integration, and particularly the enlargement of the EU, has substantial consequences for transport and the way it interacts with the rest of the economy. Transport intensity has been increasing and changing transport costs have different impacts on different sectors and...

Transport policy is formulated and implemented at different levels in the EU. In practice it is not easy to separate the spatial dimensions of decisions, with serious implications for project appraisal and consistency. This problem is seen in border regions where the balance between local,...