The EC Deliberate Release Directive 90/220 responded to a wide-ranging risk debate on the intentional release of GMOs. It was to integrate environmental precaution with market harmonisation. New networks have offered opportunities for influencing the expertise and concepts which would guide its...

Anticipating EC Directive 90/220 on biotechnology, the Netherlands developed new safety regulations for GMOs under its Chemical Substances Act. Within this statutory framework, environmental groups have been able to challenge proposed ‘permits’ for GMO releases in the Council of State. As...

This challenging book takes a broad and thought-provoking look at the precautionary principle and its implementation, or potential implementation, in a number of fields. In particular, it explores the challenges faced by public decision-making processes when applying the precautionary principle,...

This challenging book takes a broad and thought-provoking look at the precautionary principle and its implementation, or potential implementation, in a number of fields. In particular, it explores the challenges faced by public decision-making processes when applying the precautionary principle,...