Purpose – In the Baltic Sea area, wood fuels have been traded internationally on a relatively large‐scale since the 1990s, with trade flows primarily from the Baltic States to Sweden and Denmark. This has been driven by strong demand for renewable energy in Scandinavia, inexpensive wood...

It is argued that assigning financial responsibility for the collection andrecycling of end-of life products encourages producers to avoid such financialburdens by taking actions to minimise waste, including eco-design. Thisprinciple is incorporated in the European Directive for Waste Electrical...