Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of barley straw with K2CO3 at different temperatures (280–400°C) was conducted and compared to optimize its process conditions; the aqueous phase as a co-product from this process was recycled to explore the feasibility of implementing wastewater reuse for...

A high-pressure fixed bed reactor was used to study the formation condition of K2CO3·1.5H2O and the significance of K2CO3·1.5H2O in reducing the regeneration energy required for potassium-based sorbents. The reaction heat of K2CO3 converted into KHCO3 in the following reaction:...

Termites are highly effective in degrading lignocellulosics thus can be used as economic model biological systems for studying plant cell wall degradation. Comparative study on lignin disruption mechanisms for hardwood, barley straw and softwood (previously established results) along the gut of...

Algae biomass is an attractive biofuel feedstock when grown with high productivity on marginal land. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) produces more oil from algae than lipid extraction (LE) does because protein and carbohydrates are converted, in part, to oil. Since nitrogen in the algae biomass...

This article reviews the hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass with the aim of describing the current status of the technology. Hydrothermal liquefaction is a medium-temperature, high-pressure thermochemical process, which produces a liquid product, often called bio-oil or bi-crude. During the...

Bio-jet fuel is increasingly being produced from feedstocks such as algae and tested in flight. As the industry adopts bio-jet fuels from various feedstocks and conversion processes, life cycle assessment (LCA) is necessary to determine whether these renewable fuels result in lower life cycle...

Biomass can be utilized to produce bio-oil, a promising alternative energy source for the limited crude oil. There are mainly two processes involved in the conversion of biomass to bio-oil: flash pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. The cost of bio-oil production from biomass is relatively...

Microalgae are very effective microorganisms for CO2 capturing and a promising source of lipids for biodiesel as well as other interesting compounds. Many different ways of exploitation of these organisms are being tested. This work presents a review of the state of the art of the research and...

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has recently received increasing attention due to its advantages in rapid reaction, using wet feedstocks with no lipid-content restriction. These characteristics make HTL especially suitable for conversion of algae into biocrude oil. This paper aims to provide a...

Renewable fuels are major alternatives to conventional fossil fuels. Biomass in the form of agricultural and industrial residues is fast becoming popular among new renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction can thermochemically convert biomass residues into bio-oil. This work...