years later, and administration and enforcement of a comprehensive cap and trade system poses significant challenges. The …

experiment allows us to identify important interactions between emission shocks, banking and enforcement. Preliminary results …

and enforcement. Our key findings are: (1) prudential regulation limits expansion of plants with high initial pollution …

We consider the pricing of a uniformly mixed pollutant when enforcement is costly with a model of optimal, possibly … firm-specific, emissions taxes and their enforcement. We argue that optimality requires an enforcement strategy that …

policies must be enforced. This paper examines the consequences of the need for costly enforcement of voluntary environmental … with these agreements, and the relative efficiency of voluntary and regulatory approaches. We find that enforcement costs … can form in place of an emissions tax. However, if an agreement does form, member-financed enforcement induces greater …

enforcement, along with decentralised plant-specific regulations. In our analysis, we use the sequential Malmquist …

enforcement, along with decentralised plant-specific regulations. In our analysis, we use the sequential Malmquist …

regulators may conserve enforcement costs by implementing emissions taxes that firms evade. I demonstrate that a regulator can …, or if the firm’s manager is risk averse. Whether an optimal tax/enforcement policy should allow noncompliance under …