The reason that the ten‐year reform has encountered difficulties is ot that there are mistakes in the overall target to develop a commodity economic system, but that the decision makers cannot understand properly the nature and structure of the commodity economic system and its market...

Gorbachev is in the process of not only abolishing central planning and the privileges of the nomenclatura but also establishing broad political dialogue and elections, and, most importantly, at least some forms of private property and the price mechanism. He realises that socioeconomic theories...

Gorbachev′s vision of democratic, decentralised and market‐oriented socialism has generated diverse and controversial perceptions in the Soviet Union. Gorbachev′s claim that the USSR is not retreating from socialism but advancing towards it, having dismantled the Stalinist Command model,...

Environmental degradation manifests itself both at the local and the global level. In order to avoid further environmental degradation environmental quality should be considered as a target of economic policy. The article provides a documentary overview of important environmental studies and...

Changes in Eastern Europe raise two sorts of questions: What is the relation between political, economic and moral autonomy? And is the economic system basic in that a change in it will bring about the ecessary reforms, or does change depend on political or legal reform? One can abolish central...

Forests should be thought of not merely as “timber”, but also as treasuries of plants and animals as well as “green reservoirs”. The preservation and management of montane forests are therefore of importance. Different ways should be adopted according to the corresponding conditions of...

The “economic” (Chicago School) theory of regulation fails to explain many important features of regulatory history in the USA, such as the periodicity of regulatory innovation, the role of the organized consumer movement, and the roots of reform, including deregulation. J.Q. Wilson′s...

Reports intensive country studies conducted for a sample of ten countries – five historically socially planned and five predominantly market economies – for comparative analyses of socioeconomic‐political characteristics prior to privatization. Purpose was to discern if there were any...

With the expanded use of forensic economists by the legal system has come a heightened awareness within the profession of potential and actual unethical behaviour by its members. Examines the arguments explaining unethical behaviour in detail and shows that their descriptive and empirical...

Makes the distinction between negative freedom or liberty, which means the absence of constraint and compulsion, and positive freedom, which always implies the power to make one′s will effective to gain access to a chosen alternative. Argues that positive freedom can be used either creatively...