In the export-base model, the level of a region’s economic activity is underpinned by the performance of its export sector (Daly in Econ J 50:248–258, <CitationRef CitationID="CR3">1940</CitationRef>; Dixon and Thirlwall in Oxf Econ Pap 27:201–214, <CitationRef CitationID="CR4">1975</CitationRef>; Kaldor in Scott J Polit Econ 17:337–348, <CitationRef CitationID="CR9">1970</CitationRef>; North in J Polit Econ...</citationref></citationref></citationref>

In this paper we examine utilization of general practitioner services within the context of a standard utility maximizing model. We focus on the role of health status and income in determining GP utilization. English data from wave eleven of the British Household Panel Survey are used to explain...

There is a temptation for the debate on reducing GP utilization to employ terms such as ‘appropriate’ or ‘unnecessary’, terms that are in fact value-laden. The meaning of such terms is rarely defined explicitly, perhaps reflecting the lack of consensus on the nature of services that...

As human traits and preferences were shaped by natural selection, there is substantial potential for the use of evolutionary biology in economic analysis. In this paper, we review the extent to which evolutionary theory has been incorporated into economic research. We examine work in four areas:...