A 3-D large eddy simulation model that was first transformed to smoothed particle hydrodynamics (LES-SPH)-based model was employed to study breaking tsunami waves in this paper. LES-SPH is a gridless (or mesh-free), purely Lagrangian particle approach which is capable of tracking the free...

The values of chilled water supply temperatures in chillers indicate the load distributions as the chilled water return temperatures in all chillers are the same in a decoupled air-conditioning system. This study employs the Hopfield neural network (HNN) to determine the chilled water supply...

We present a novel Lagrangian method to find good feasible solutions in theoretical and empirical aspects. After investigating the concept of Lagrangian capacity, which is the value of the capacity constraint that Lagrangian relaxation can find an optimal solution, we formally reintroduce...

A constrained optimization problem is formulated and solved in order to determine the smallest confidence region for the parameters of the Pareto distribution in a proposed family of sets. The objective function is the area of the region, whereas the constraints are related to the required...

This investigation attempts to solve the optimal chiller loading (OCL) problem by utilizing simulated annealing (SA). SA eliminates the limitation that the Lagrangian method cannot solve OCL because the kW-PLR curves simultaneously include convex functions and non-convex functions. This study...