This paper explores the proposition that political parties reduce the ‘transaction costs’ of electoral participation. Political parties provide a low cost signal of a candidate's policies and personal characteristics and, in this way, reduce voters' information costs. With reference to...

The electrical industry must continue to play a positive role in industrial markets irrespective of whether general economic conditions are good or bad. The most economic coal prices will need to be sought, adjustments to the changing social/economic conditions made so as to keep pace with the...