Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) is the second largest intergovernmental organization after UN with its 57 members. OIC accounts for 22.48 percent of world population, 6.64 percent of world GDP, and 9.1 percent of world trade as of 2007. When it comes to having world valuable...

A common difficulty in estimating demand functions for developing countries is the lack of time series data. With the available cross-sectional data resulting from extensive surveys on households, most researchers concentrated on the estimation of expenditure elasticities and ignored the price...

We demonstrate that there are links between international trade and environmental control, heretofore unappreciated, which might substantially alter the efficacy of various governmental policies to control pollution. One concern about national environmental policies is that, whereas the benefits...