The era of energy interdependencies between Russia and the European Union (EU) is at an end. This paper advances a … relations with Russia. Previous energy security scholarship perceived interdependency as a measurable source of energy security …. Since the start of Russia's 2022 war with Ukraine, energy geopolitics has changed, making hard power relevant to Europe …

The article explores the EU's energy security discourse regarding Russia during the period of 2010-2021. Three sub … demonstrated. The discourse has an impact on the views of the reality of the EU energy cooperation with Russia, and it subordinated …