The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the world. The surge in the number of daily new cases and deaths around the world and in South Africa, in particular, has increased fear, psychological breakdown, and uncertainty among the population during the COVID-19 pandemic period,...

Financial sector distress is a situation in which financial intermediation is either costly or impossible (or both) as proxied by tight financial conditions - high spreads, decline in equity value and high volatility. Tight financial conditions have been identified as a risk factor to the...

This study uses aggregate data from 133 developing and emerging markets from 2002 to 2020 and investigates how market concentration and capital are related to bank stability. We find that banks operating in more concentrated banking markets tend to be more stable than those operating in a less...