Agriculture is heavily contributing towards the economy of Pakistan. Water deficiency and drought conditions, long duration load shedding issue, poor extension services, absence of land reforms, absence of distribution of certified varieties, high price of fertilizers, deliberate use of...

Business managers strive to attain the optimal capital structure (OCS), which allows them to raise capital at a minimal cost, thereby maximising their returns. Balancing risk and reward is crucial in determining the target capital structure. Therefore, understanding the optimal leverage ratio...