Background: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) manufacturing is an important segment of the Indian pharma industry. India ranks third in terms of volume of medicines produced, and is a major global supplier of generic medicines. However, India depends heavily on the import of several raw...

This paper provides the concept of import dependence between countries, which is a relative quantity. In order to reveal the evolutionary characteristics of the import dependence between countries in energy trade and its influencing factors, firstly, based on the network analysis method, this...

The paper identifies the basic customs charges and what role they could play as the tools for regulating of foreign trade by charge rates. The analysis of the foreign trade in the Siberian Federal District (SFD) over 2001-2007 as well as the review of the customs charges made in the SFD...

India's economy is much more integrated with rest of the world now than it was in 1991. Several factors have facilitated this, some fiscal and some physical. One of the most important physical factors is the spectacular growth of telecommunications in India. An important facet of this revolution...

Voluminous theoretical and empirical research shows that real exchange rate (RER) undervaluation could be conducive to economic development. Why do countries then often avoid the pursuit of policies that facilitate undervaluation or even intentionally pursue RER overvaluation? We address this...