Help within genetically related and unrelated organisms as well as investments of investors holding shares to different degree including charity can be understood within the ensemble concept. In an ensemble transfer of substrate from a source to a sink may result in superadditivity as well as...

The active and independent ensemble is redistributing substrate from source to sink, controlling internal giving and taking by its own. This will lead to superadditivity in comparison to the inactive ensemble. The surface area of superadditivity differs from dependent ensembles. The line of...

Homogenization destroys biologic structures and social organizations or companies. Sometimes structure und sometimes mixing yields the highest productivity. Why and when will destruction be creative? We theoretically demonstrate in a simple enzyme ensemble of source and sink superadditivity and...

Within the transfer space source and sink exchange substrates (material and energy) to selfishly optimize their own productivity. Under certain conditions this will lead to a productivity increase of the whole ensemble. The present day view that cooperation is the most productive interaction...

Within the transfer space source and sink exchange substrates (material and energy) to selfishly optimize their own productivity. Under certain conditions this will lead to a productivity increase of the whole ensemble. The present day view that cooperation is the most productive interaction...