minimum level, allowed aggressive traders to incorporate in their form contracts arbitration clauses, which have led to a … of Justice on arbitration clauses in consumer contracts and its problematic implementation within Czech legal order as …

This article examines the differing legal treatment of pre-dispute consumer arbitration agreements in the European … the United Kingdom), most such agreements are invalid. In the United States by contrast, most pre-dispute arbitration … agreements are valid, even in consumer contracts, unless some other provision in the arbitration agreement renders it …

Under both federal and state arbitration law, arbitrators are generally understood to have the authority to rule on …), either before an award is made (on a motion to enjoin the arbitration) or after (on a motion to vacate the award). In MBNA … America Bank N.A. v. Credit, however, the Kansas Supreme Court asserted that the arbitration proceeding must stop once a party …

International Commercial Arbitration if flourishing within the European Union. People refer to it more than ever and …, besides, national legislators are enacting new Arbitration Act to the extent that almost all EU Member States have modified … the regulation on Arbitration during the last decade. This popularity contrasts with the fact that arbitration remains …

This paper examines the role of third-party funding (TPF) in international investment arbitration. This can take many … funder, rather than the claimant, bears the expenses involved in the litigation or arbitration. There is little clarity on … the legal aspects of TPF in litigation and arbitration. The position of TPF funders in investment arbitration is even less …

This paper presents a mathematical model to evaluate the risks of arbitration in contractual disputes to decide whether … or not to raise an arbitration case for a claim. It adds the ingredient of a regret theory approach for taking that …