Compared to traditional cost-of-service (COS) regulation, electricity retail competition may lead to lower costs but … higher markups. Thus, the net effect on electricity retail prices is ambiguous. This paper uses a difference … long run. Overall, retail compettion does not seem to deliver lower electricity prices to retail customers across the board …

The main Nordic residential electricity markets (Norway, Sweden and Finland) effectively opened to retail competition …

Long-term contracts for electricity can counter market power and reduce prices in short-term markets. If electricity …? This paper combines a model of electricity retailing and a Cournot model of competition in the wholesale markets to …

The main Nordic residential electricity markets (Norway, Sweden and Finland) effectively opened to retail competition …

competitive energy supplier. Over 200 communities have voted to do this for electricity. By 2004 residential switching reached 69 …