Implications of Industry 4.0 for enterprises in Upper Bavaria are still unclear. This working paper examines how key technologies of Industry 4.0 impact on performance objectives. The research methodology is based on a quantitative study carried out in in the larger area of Upper Bavaria with a...

Technical inefficiency of production reflects a shortfall of output from the potential permitted by inputs. Allocative inefficiency reflects deviations from the optimal ratio of inputs. It is the absolute value of allocative inefficiency that is economically important. Adding allocative...