This paper presents a critical analysis of the SSG and a simulation of its effects for Brazilian sugar exports to … lines (TL) for the EU and the US sugar imports from Brazil during the period of 1995 to 2013. Next, WTO notifications about … SSGs were examined to identify when the measure was applied for sugar by these countries at each year, since 1995. For the …

restrictions and export subsidies prevailing in LDCs. In this paper we focus on the import under-invoicing due to high tariff … figures, primarily by developing country traders. This is due to the inflexible exchange rate regimes, severe import … under-invoicing. We also look at the optimal levels of import tariff and instruments of government intervention in these …