The question of the rules that should govern the distribution of funds to each university has very important policy implications for the governance of national university corporations, as the preparation of the next medium-term plan for university corporations gets underway. The purpose of this...

Since incorporation in fiscal 2004, national universities have undertaken institutional reforms of their governing structure and discretionary budgeting, in an effort to improve efficiency by strengthening incentives through autonomy and independence. As a result of these efforts, national...

Ports and harbors (hereinafter "ports") have been developed at many locations in Japan as important public infrastructure through a government redistribution policy designed to achieve the balanced development of the national territory. Given low growth and fiscal reconstruction, however, the...

Government authority must always rest at the proper locations to respond to the changing times and the changing needs of citizens in a mature society. The division of roles between the public and private sectors, and within the public sector, must constantly be reviewed and clarified. This paper...

To meet the increasing diversity of needs arising in Japan's aging society, there need to be reforms to build a means for local authorities to implement efficiently, on their own initiative, and at their own responsibility, administrative and financial management within their jurisdictions. To...

Amid the decreasing labor force caused by the low birthrate and the aging population, Japan urgently needs to increase the knowledge and productivity levels of each citizen in order to maintain economic growth for the future as a mature society. Against this background, it has become crucial to...

The paper aims at quantifying the higher-order expectations that Keynes (1936) compared to the beauty contest, applying a measure of relative entropy to the Japanese ESP Forecast Survey data during the deflationary period. We conclude that during the deflationary period from June 2009 to April...

This paper examines the factors that lie behind the couples' declining number of children and desire for children, associating among living environment, economic situation, and husband and wife’s consciousness and sense of value. Data for this paper was compiled through a web-based...

Being healthy is one of the most important factors that affect the degree of human happiness. In an aging society, deaths due to cancer tend to increase. When considering the improvement of wealth of the aging society in Southeast Asia, the international transfer of Japanese R&D results and...

Less and late marriage and declining fertility of married couples are considered to be factors behind Japanese falling birth rate. The change in couple’s reproductive behavior is possibly related to couples’ economic and living situation including employment status of wives, educational...