This survey examines the empirical literature on the relationship between public R&D subsidies and private R&D investment over the past five decades. The survey reveals a considerable heterogeneity of empirical results that cannot be explained fully by methodological issues. We aim to provide...

This paper reviews recent academic work on the spatial concentration of entrepreneurship and innovation in the United States. We discuss rationales for the agglomeration of these activities and the economic consequences of clusters. We identify and discuss policies that are being pursued in the...

Industrial policy should vary with the specific conditions of the various phases of a long wave of economic development. At considerable lag from world technological leaders the economy can get to "a structural trap". To escape this trap, the active state economic policy has to be based on the...

The realization of investments into the long-run growth rate of GDP requires the institutions of industrial policy, which would ensure search and implementation of its effective recipes. Such institutions and recipes are discussed in the article. Principles of effective governance for...

The island of Ireland, which includes both Ireland and Northern Ireland (United Kingdom), is home to 6.4 million people and has a combined economic output of USD 205 billion. Several cross-border institutions were created in response to the 1998 Belfast/Good Friday Agreement to recreate...

The Top Technology Region/Eindhoven-Leuven-Aachen triangle (TTR-ELAt) is an initiative to support cross-border collaboration in a densely populated network of small and medium-sized cities located at the heart of western Europe with an annual economic output of USD 244 billion. The collaboration...

This paper analyses the evaluation experience of the most important Italian research agency (CNR). Focus is on the activity of the 15 consulting committees and on the National Finalised Projects managed by CNR on behalf of the University and Research Ministry. From this survey the author...

This paper evaluates a unique R&D subsidy program implemented in northern Italy. Firms were invited to submit proposals for new projects and only those which scored above a certain threshold received the subsidy. We use a sharp regression discontinuity design to compare the investment spending...

A recent wave of economic research has studied the transformation of China from a poor country in the 1970s to a middle-income economy today. Based on this literature, we discuss the factors driving China’s development process. We provide a historical account of China’s rise, fall, and...

A new industrial policy in EU focuses on increasing manufacturing share in GDP, on promoting high tech branches and key enabling technologies, on smart specialization promoted at all levels, on strengthening the competitiveness of industry at national and international level, on increased...