The present paper provides an overview of literature on the shift to services. It follows the three dimensions of structural change - final demand, the inter-industry division of labor and inter-industry productivity differences. It first looks at the "classics", however (Fisher (1935), Clark...

This paper uses a cost-of-time framework to link two seamingly unrelated trends. First, greater aggregate income inequality has been accompanied by greater geographic income specialization. Second, compensation costs (relative to sales) of suburban retail stores have risen, compared to city...

Deutschland hat von der Internationalisierung der Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) in multinationalen Unternehmen profitiert. Nachdem die internationale FuE-Bilanz bis 2001 ausgeglichen war, investieren ausländische Unternehmen inzwischen in Deutschland mehr in FuE als deutsche Unternehmen im...

Policy makers in both developed and developing countries want to accelerate spatial development, make cities more competitive, attract new entrepreneurs, boost economic growth, and promote job creation. These are commendable goals given that city populations in developing countries are expected...

Die großen Städte Deutschlands gewinnen sowohl als Wohnorte als auch als Unternehmensstandorte mehr und mehr an Attraktivität. Die Einwohnerzahlen sind zwischen 1999 und 2008 um fast drei Prozent gestiegen, während die Bevölkerung Deutschlands insgesamt leicht schrumpfte. Ähnlich ist die...

Germany's big cities are gaining in attractiveness both as a place for living and as a location for companies. Even as Germany's total population is declining, the population of cities increased by nearly 3 percent between 1999 and 2008. The same is true for spatial shifts in the economy: During...

Globalization in this paper concerns diffusion of idea, and technique of doing business. Organised retailing and retailing through big shopping complexes and malls is an idea, which is drawn from within and across nations. Thus, this idea is necessarily global and expansion of this idea is an...

The provision of airport services results in a web of contractual relationships between the main contractor and other firms. The existence of multiple services offered in airports allows several contractual alternatives to be chosen. In particular, the main contractor may choose to carry out...

The potential benefits of the geographical clustering of economic activity have been well documented in the literature, yet there is little empirical evidence quantifying these effects in developing country contexts. This is surprising given the emphasis in industrial policy on productivity...

Scientific research performance measurement and its analysis creates the context where universities are forced to develop strategies to increase the values obtained from indicators such as number of scientific articles, the number of citations of these articles, h-index, g-index, etc. The...