Several political regulation instruments -- such as CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> taxes -- have been suggested to implement CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> reduction policies. But normally the cost of implementing CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> reduction policies is considered to be a threat to both economic growth and employment. But to some extent, strategies can be...</subscript></subscript></subscript>

The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the energy planning (EP) activities being conducted in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Of particular interest is the establishment of an understanding of current practices. A matrix of evaluation of literature was...

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) import increasing amounts of fossil fuel to meet their rising energy demand. This places an unnecessary financial burden on their budget, as abundant Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are often available. The introduction of Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs)...

Nowadays, energy supply is a major challenge for developing countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, about only one-third of the population is connected to the electrical network and the use of classical energy resources presents economical and environmental problems. As many other African countries,...

Energy issues and energy management gain more interest within the society at large as well as amongst companies of different sizes. Yet, even in energy-intensive companies, like process industries, energy management is seldom treated strategically. The purpose of this study is thus to...

Ongoing shifts in energy supply and demand dynamics have created extensive, volatile mismatches in electricity spot market pricing between neighboring Canadian and US jurisdictions. Under such circumstances, it is tempting to assume that additional international transmission interconnections are...