One of the most important issues addressed in this case was whether it is World Trade Organization (WTO)-consistent to determine the anti-dumping (AD) duty rate not on an individual-exporter basis but on a country-wide basis when imposing AD measures on exporters from non-market economies...

There are some 2,800 international investment agreements (IIAs) that provide rules for protecting foreign investment from other contracting parties. When disputes occur between a foreign investor and a host state government, most IIAs allow investors to bring a case before an arbitral tribunal...

This paper examines whether private actors can rely upon WTO Agreements and rulings when challenging the legality of actions taken by a WTO member before that member's domestic court, with special attention to the cases on trade remedies law, such as antidumping and subsidies countervailing...

A prerequisite for receiving protection through investment arbitration for foreign investments under investment protection treaties is that the investments concerned satisfy the definitions of "investor" and "investment" in those treaties. To date, however, the interpretation of provisions...

The recent development in the international rules and procedures for investment protection, caused by the spread of bilateral investment treaties and the use of investment arbitration, has remarkably reduced foreign investors' risks. At the same time, however, there is concern for the erosion of...

This paper examines how firm practices that could contribute to worker attainment of work-life balance (WLB) affect the total factor productivity (TFP) of a firm, by using panel data of Japanese firms from the 1990s. We observed a positive correlation between the WLB practices and TFP among...

We examine the impact of the strength of host countries' university research and university-industry collaboration on the propensity of Japanese multinational firms to conduct research and development (R&D) activities in these countries. We consider heterogeneous effects based on the type of R&D...

This paper investigates how the Asian Monetary Unit (AMU) Deviation Indicators for surveillance measurements among East Asian currencies are improved by changing their benchmark rates from the constant rates in 2000-2001 to time-varying rates based on their purchasing power parities (PPPs). The...

The standard approach to studying industrial agglomeration is to construct summary measures of the "degree of agglomeration" within each industry and to test for significant agglomeration with respect to some appropriate reference measures. But such summary measures often fail to distinguish...

Though Japan has surpassed South Korea in terms of research and development (R&D) in the area of regenerative medicine, South Korea has been more successful at commercialization. This paper focuses on the setup and operation of actual systems that consider the promotion of regenerative medicine...