This study investigates the determinants of stock options grants to CEOs by Portuguese firms from 2003 to 2006. Using a sample of 155 observations, we find that the CEO's equity ownership, liquidity constraints, board composition and firm size significantly increase the probability that firms...

The purpose of this paper is to provide additional research on the market valuation of R%D in Europe, and also to shed light on some firm and country characteristics which sensibly modulate the effect of R%D on firms' value. The analysis is performed using a panel regression approach with fixed...

This study investigated the impact of software piracy on research and development intensity at the country level. While the software piracy problem is harmful to innovation in developed countries, it could benefit innovation in emerging economies because the chance to gain access to a wide array...

It is often argued that Black-Scholes (1973) values overstate the subjective value of stock options granted to risk-averse and under-diversified executives. We construct a “representative” Swiss executive and extend the certainty- equivalence approach presented by Hall and Murphy (2002) to...

We introduce explicitly the effort as a choice variable in a continuous time utility maximisation framework of an executive who is partly compensated with stock options. We solve the model in the case where the executive is not allowed to trade in the company’s stock but is able to achieve a...