Sloof, Randolph; Oosterbeek, Hessel; Sonnemans, Joep - In: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 16 (2007) 4, pp. 911-942
"Standard theory predicts that holdup can be alleviated by making specific investments unobservable; private information creates an informational rent that boosts investment incentives. Empirical findings, however, indicate that holdup is attenuated by fairness and reciprocity motivations....