contribution of automation to the task content and skills complexity of the jobs of incumbent workers. Despite the recent focus on … the polarising impact of automation and associated reskilling needs of lower-skilled individuals, our evidence also draws …

a sample of advanced economies. Institutions explain a substantial proportion of cross-country variation in automation … vulnerable to holdup. This suggests that automation is used by producers as a tool to thwart rent appropriation by labor. …

We present a framework for understanding the effects of automation and other types of technological changes on labor … allocation of tasks to capital and labor - the task content of production. Automation, which enables capital to replace labor in … a result, automation always reduces the labor share in value added and may reduce labor demand even as it raises …