We use small Italian regions (i.e. provinces) to investigate the causal effect of foreign immigration on innovation during 2003-2008. Using instrumental variables estimation (based on immigrants' enclaves), we find that the overall stock of immigrants did not have any effect on innovation....

The ALMALAUREA database offers broad documentation on the characteristics of university graduates who opted for a teaching career one year, three years and five years after their degree, forming a representative sample of Italian school teachers. This essay offers both a descriptive analysis of...

Women have long been at the edge of economic history. According to Humphries (1991) and Sharpe (1995), shifting them from there ''to the heart'' goes into stages. The first stage involves recognising the extent to which the role of women has been neglected. The second stage aims to integrate...

The aim of this paper is to investigate the e ffect of Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) on fertility decisions of Italian working women using administrative data. We exploit a reform that introduced in 1990 costs for dismissals unmotivated by a 'fair cause' or 'justi ed motive' in fi rms...