at a fixed wage-income level because population growth tends to outstrip real output growth. Dynamic equilibrium with … constant income and population is achieved through equilibrating adjustments in "positive checks" (mortality, starvation) and … economic stagnation with high fertility and mortality and constant population and income, as predicted by Malthus, but also for …

such valuations differ is overstated when there are increasing returns to population and is understated under decreasing …

in OECD countries, some of which already face the prospect of population decline as well. While the trend is largely the …

-age population growing at a much faster pace than its dependent population during the period 1965-1990, thereby expanding the per … created by the transition. The empirical analyses indicate that population growth has a purely transitional effect on economic …