Among OECD countries, Japan - together with Italy - has the highest proportion of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). According to data published by the Management and Coordination Agency, in the manufacturing sector alone in 1996 were operating 665,540 SMEs - defined as enterprises with...

All the literature reviewed with regards to this topic agrees that Spanish Micro and Small firms are characterised by a lower presence of workers’ representatives. One explanation for this result is given by the existing Spanish labour legislation. This literature review examines small business...

This literature review examines small business in the United Kingdom, including issues of collective representation and bargaining, working and employment conditions, arbitration procedures, size and sector considerations. It concludes with policy implications.

According to available data for 1996, micro and small enterprises (this is, enterprises with 1 to 49 employees) account for around 30% of the total US employment, where this share is lower than the EU average (52%). This literature review examines micro and small enterprises in the US economy,...

The Foundation has compiled literature review reports on employment relations in micro and small enterprises in a number of countries: Bulgraia, Czech Republic, Dencmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, the UK, and the USA, as well as two feature reviews of Bulgaria and the Czech...

The first section of this paper provides a general overview of the economic and social role played by the European micro and small enterprises. Topics analysed include a description of the enterprise structure in the European Union (EU) by enterprise size (number of enterprises, employment and...

This literature review examines the role of micro and small enterprises in the Bulgarian and Czech economies, looks at employment relations in both countries and surveys evidence from literature and comparisons with the EU.

This literature review examines the role of micro and small enterprises in the Japanese and US economies, looks at employment relations in both countries and surveys evidence from literature and comparisons with the EU. It provides a general overview in the case of the USA.

The new system of industrial relations started evolving in the early 1990s in Bulgaria. In March 1990, the National Assembly adopted the Law on Collective Labour Dispute Settlement, which laid the foundations of new collective labour relations. The amendments in the Labour Code from 1992...

This report presents an analysis of initiatives in Germany that aim to achieve better coordination of employment activation measures. The report identifies measures in both policy and practice for improving coordination, including strategic as well as operational measures, and underlines the...