There is evidence to support the claim that minimum initial purchases in mutual funds are indirectly proportional to expense ratios. Funds with large minimum initial purchase levels have smaller expense ratios. As expense ratios fall, net returns to investors are increased as cost savings are...

This paper investigates both the static and dynamic relationships between the development within the financial sector development and international trade openness with regard to the size of the underground economy in 20 EU (European Union) Countries. Panel data analysis will be conducted for the...

There is controversy about whether geography matters mainly because of its contemporaneous impact on economic outcomes or because of its interaction with historical events. Looking at terrain ruggedness, we are able to estimate the importance of these two channels. Because rugged terrain hinders...

This paper presents a model which takes into account two main factors that have been partially neglected by the economic development literature: the environmental externalities of human activities and agents' heterogeneity in terms of asset endowment and, consequently, in terms of income source...

Tests for causality and rationality in the coffee futures market were carried out using data from the New York Market. Tests of causality indicated that futures prices strongly influence variations in spot price eight weeks or more to maturity. However, beginning seven weeks to maturity there...

This paper provides a dynamic model of the dual economy in which differences in productivity across sectors arise endogenously. Rather than relying on exogenous price distortions, duality arises because of differences between sectors in the separability of their fertility and labor decisions....

There are two main responses to climate change. One is adaptation and other is mitigation. The adaptation process includes three essential stages i.e. vulnerability assessment, capacity building and implementation of adaptation measures. The fundamental goal of adaptation strategies is the...

This study focuses on trade opportunities of climate smart goods and technologies (CSGT) in Asia. Paper mainly highlights the export gaps for climate smart goods and technologies (CSGT) in Asia and identifies the trade opportunities among trade partners in intraregional and interregional....

TResource scarcity for managerial tasks is a major problem in Indonesia although many human resources are available. However, the majority of them does not have a sufficient qualification or adequate skills for performing a management task. This paper aims at describing how a Knowledge-intensive...

It is evident that China’s manufacturing‐based growth model increasingly contradicts local, regional and global environmental imperatives. It is therefore of high importance to identify cost‐efficient strategies for greening the growth path of China. On 25 May 2011 the OECD has launched a...