Long-term concession contracts associated with Private Finance Initiative (PFI) projects, such as National Health Service (NHS) hospitals, are subject to substantial risks, which may not only emerge from project activities such as design and construction, but also from global issues beyond the...

Empirical research documents that an exogenous rise in government purchases in a given country triggers a depreciation of its real exchange rate. This raises an important puzzle, as standard macro theories predict an appreciation of the real exchange rate. We argue that this prediction reflects...