This paper shows that unregulated decentralized equilibrium is viable under increasing returns technologies in an overlapping generations model of production with cash-in-advance constraints. We also demonstrate that the model exhibits both the Tobin effect and the reverse Tobin effect.

This study develops a trade–environment model based on new trade theory and emphasizes the role of international productivity differences in quantifying environmental consequences of trade. I introduce environmental policy and factor endowment differentials into a multi-country general...

This paper presents a survey of the literature on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and environmental policy. First, I focus on empirical studies that analyse the impact of environmental costs on foreign investment locations. Next, I review the main studies that attempt to...