Since 2007, the European cement and steel sectors have been characterized by substantial surplus production capacity …. Hence re-investment in primary production of many materials remains limited and endangers the longer-term economic viability … demands for more efficient and lower-carbon production processes, higher-value materials with less weight and carbon intensity …

Since 2007, the European cement and steel sectors have been characterized by substantial surplus production capacity … Materialien sowie eine effizientere Verwendung des jeweiligen Materials. Zweitens ist die öffentliche Förderung von Innovationen …. Hence re-investment in primary production of many materials remains limited and endangers the longer-term economic viability …

reduce overallocation by 40 million allowances (29% of total cement sector free allocation). Firms responded … increased EU clinker and cement exports, production shifting between plants and also an increase in clinker content of cement … thus reducing the carbon efficiency of cement production. …

reduce overallocation by 40 million allowances (29% of total cement sector free allocation). Firms responded … increased EU clinker and cement exports, production shifting between plants and also an increase in clinker content of cement … thus reducing the carbon efficiency of cement production. …

This paper assesses the impacts on the cement, steel and oil refining sectors in Spain of the carbon prices derived … show a high exposure to leakage of cement in coastal regions; a smaller risk in the steel sector, and non-negligible risk …

cartels by taking a closer look at the cement industry which has a rich history of both legal and illegal cartels. We …

The iron and steel industry is one of the most carbon emitting and energy consuming sectors in Europe. At the same time … fear a policy-induced decline in steel production, and possibly an international reallocation of production plants. This … steel production and how this - in turn - affect total steel output. As we find out for examples of major European steel …