This paper provides causal evidence on early-life exposure to war on mental health status in adulthood. Using an … instrumental variable strategy, the evidence indicates that early-life exposure to bombing during the American war in Vietnam has … of sensitivity checks. The negative effects of war are similar for both men and women. These findings add to the evidence …

war-exposed children subsequently have lower height-for-age Z-scores, and impacts using GPS information are 87-188% larger … in magnitude, and children in the war instigating and losing country (Eritrea) suffer more than the winning nation … children exposed in utero versus after birth. The identification strategy relies on exogenous variation in the conflict …

war-exposed children subsequently have lower height-for-age Z-scores, and impacts using GPS information are 87-188% larger … in magnitude, and children in the war instigating and losing country (Eritrea) suffer more than the winning nation … children exposed in utero versus after birth. The identification strategy relies on exogenous variation in the conflict …

Private information and the commitment problem are central to the rationalist theory of war, but causal evidence is … scarce, as rationalist explanations for war are difficult to test with observational data. I design laboratory experiments to … results with a case study of Japan's decision-making on the eve of the Pacific War. The permutation of formal, experimental …

For more than a thousand years, just war theorists accepted that wars could be launched to punish or avenge wrongdoing …, the war itself being an instrument of retribution. Today, this punishment theory of just cause has completely disappeared … from international law, which recognizes only individual and collective self-defense as legitimate cause for war. But …

on children who lived in Anatolia and were aged under five in 1915. Combining the Turkish census data with military … in Turkey, we find significant evidence that the war severely affected the socioeconomic outcomes of many survivor … severity of the war exposure, children from that province lost 0.12 to 0.17 years of schooling, or were 1.3% to 2.5% more …