Since the 9th Five Year Plan (FYP) period (1996-2000), the Chinese central government began to adopt the total emissions control (TEC) policy, a target-based environmental regulation which set emission reduction targets for designated pollutants. The policy became highly binding for local...

With the construction of ecological civilization, central government's direct inspections have become the new norm of environmental protection supervision. Since 2016, the central government has been dispatching supervision teams, one batch after another, to conduct environmental protection...