In this paper, we propose a queueing model to describe traffic breakdown phenomena caused by perturbations of on-ramp merging vehicles. In congested mainline traffic flow, we assume that a merging vehicle will trigger a jam queue formulation. If this jam queue cannot dissipate before the next...

Due to its importance, lots of investigations had been carried out in the last four decades to study the relationship between phase duration and vehicle departure amount. In this paper, we aim to build appropriate distribution models for start-up lost time and effective departure flow rate, by...