We analyze for the first time cash holdings of private households in all euro area countries from 2002 to 2019 within a … panel cointegration framework. Besides the traditional determinants of cash demand like transactions balances and … opportunity costs, we concentrate on cashless payments media as substitutes to cash payments and the role of the shadow economy …

cash by households. This paper presents an estimation of the number and value of cash transactions in all 19 euro area … that can contribute to improving the efficiency of the cash cycle and the payment system as a whole. Previous estimates of … the value of cash usage by households in the euro area date from 2008. Since then some central banks have carried out …

- wide access to cash is fundamentally important for a healthy economy. In this study, three main research areas were …' payment choices; 3. underlying factors for holding cash in a wallet (i.e. for transactional purposes). Regression results for … income and education, or lower level of cash income are more likely to prefer and actually use electronic payment methods …

? What do they imply for the future of cash and digital payments? We assemble a new "Future of Payments" database on retail … countries. We find that card-not-present payments, payment app downloads and the volume of cash in circulation all rose in weeks …