indicators of nutrition and dietary quality. These effects are primarily channeled through income gains that improve smallholders … implications. In Indonesia, oil palm cultivation is rapidly expanding at the expense of more traditional agricultural crops and … effects. Here, we analyze how oil palm cultivation by smallholder farmers influences nutrition through changing income, gender …

by large private and public companies, it is expected that smallholders will outnumber large estates in the near future …. For policy formulation it is hence important to better understand who these smallholders are and why they have started to … production areas for oil palm, to analyse smallholders' decision making by combining qualitative, quantitative, and experimental …

public. Indonesia is one of the countries where such rapid land-use change is happening. In many parts of Indonesia, oil palm …

involved 636 smallholders. We found that price premiums and the provision of context-specific environmental information reduce … be used to estimate the participation of smallholders in more sustainable farming practices within the scheme of SPO …

Abstract: Indonesia now has the highest deforestation rate in the world, with an average increase of about 47,600 ha … biodiversity at risk. Although the literature discussing the political economy of Indonesia commercial's logging is growing, only a … investigates the relationship between recent in-migration and deforestation in Indonesia. By combining available population census …

in Indonesia. Oil palm induces labor savings similar to mechanization, but is also widely adopted by smallholder farmers …