This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic innovation based on a data set covering … show that there is a negative horizontal spillover effect of FDI on domestic innovation when the intellectual property …'s accession to the World Trade Organization) (WTO) in 2001. We also show that there is a positive upstream spillover effect of FDI …

research to evaluating the effects of patent reforms on inward foreign direct investment (FDI) establishments and imports in … domestic R&D. FDI establishments and pharmaceutical exports did not increase significantly either. Imports, however, did …, implementation and educational attainment are indicated to attract more FDI establishments. Third, terms of trade is likely to …